kriyosfer ne demek?
Kriyosfer (: κρύος cryos
"soğuk", "don" veya "buz" ve σφαῖρα sphaira, "küre, top") Dünya
yüzeyinde suyun kar ve buz gibi katı formda bulunduğu;
buzu, buzu,
buzu, kar örtüsü,
ve diğer buz tabakaları ve donmuş toprak
( da içerir) bölümlerinin hepsine
birden verilen isimdir. ile geniş bir
örtüşme içindedir. Kriyosfer bulutlar, yağış,
, atmosfer ve okyanus dolaşımı
üzerindeki etkisi ile ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır.
Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
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fast ice thickness in the Canadian High Arctic, 1950-89. Arctic, 45,
273-284.
- Chahine, M. T., 1992: The hydrological cycle and its influence on
climate. Nature, 359, 373-380.
- Flato, G. M., and R. D. Brown, 1996: Variability and climate
sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res., 101(C10),
25,767-25,777.
- Groisman, P. Ya, T. R. Karl, and R. W. Knight, 1994b: Changes of
snow cover, temperature and radiative heat balance over the Northern
Hemisphere. J. Climate, 7, 1633-1656.
- Hughes, M. G., A. Frei, and D. A. Robinson, 1996: Historical
analysis of North American snow cover extent: merging satellite and
station-derived snow cover observations. Proc. 53rd Eastern Snow
Conference, Williamsburg, Virginia, 21-31.
- Huybrechts, P., 1990: The Antarctic ice sheet during the last
glacial inter glacial cycle: a three-dimensional experiment. Annals
of Glaciology, 14, 115-119.
- IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate
Change.Houghton, J. T., L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N.
Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.), Contribution of WGI to
the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 572 pp.
- Ledley, T. S., 1991: Snow on sea ice: competing effects in shaping
climate. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 17,195-17,208.
- Ledley, T. S., 1993: Variations in snow on sea ice: a mechanism for
producing climate variations. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D6),
10,401-10,410.
- Lynch-Stieglitz, M., 1994: The development and validation of a
simple snow model for the GISS GCM. J. Climate, 7, 1842-1855.
- Martin, S., K. Steffen, J. Comiso, D. Cavalieri, M. R. Drinkwater,
and B. Holt, 1992: Microwave remote sensing of polynyas. In:
Carsey, F. D. (ed.), Microwave remote sensing of sea ice,
Washington, DC, American Geophysical Union, 1992, 303-311.
- Meier, M. F., 1984: Contribution of small glaciers to global sea
level rise. Science, 226, 1418-1421.
- Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P.
Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell, 1987: Arctic Sea Ice, 1973-1976:
Satellite Passive-Microwave Observations, NASA SP-489, National
Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 296 pp.
- , 1993: World sea
level and the present mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet. In:
W.R. Peltier (ed.), Ice in the Climate System, NATO ASI Series, I12,
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 131-140.
- Robinson, D. A., K. F. Dewey, and R. R. Heim, 1993: Global snow
cover monitoring: an update. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 74,
1689-1696.
- Steffen, K., and A. Ohmura, 1985: Heat exchange and surface
conditions in North Water, northern Baffin Bay. Annals of
Glaciology, 6, 178-181.
- Van den Broeke, M. R., 1996: The atmospheric boundary layer over ice
sheets and glaciers. Utrecht, Universities Utrecht, 178 pp. Van den
Broeke, M. R., and R. Bintanja, 1995: The interaction of katabatic
wind and the formation of blue ice areas in East Antarctica. J.
Glaciology, 41, 395-407.
- Welch, H. E., 1992: Energy flow through the marine ecosystem of the
Lancaster Sound region, Arctic Canada. Arctic, 45, 343.
Dış bağlantılar
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